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The European Society for New Methods in Agricultural Research (ESNA) is an international society originally established in Wageningen (The Netherlands) in 1969 with the aims of exchanging ideas and techniques to promote the advancement of agricultural sciences. The original scope - the co-ordination of research in the application of nuclear techniques in agriculture - has gradually changed and now the Society also covers aspects of environmental protection and the application of new methods and biotechnology in agricultural research. The Society organizes annual meetings in various European countries and the scientific programme is devoted to fundamental and applied issues from the above-mentioned areas. For more information see http://www.mendelu.cz/esna/. One of the 6 working groups, where current research is presented as oral papers or posters is Working Group 3 with the scientific topic SOIL PLANT RELATIONSHIPS, comprising soil science, plant nutrition (including microbial aspects), application of stable and radioactive isotope techniques, plant physiology, behaviour of pollutants in soil-plant system. Proceedings of Working Group 3 from the annual meetings since 2001 are published here. Present Chairmen of this working group are V. Licina and. G. Zibold. Professor Dr. V. Licina, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, 11 080 Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Serbia&Montenegro; E-mail: licina@agrifaculty.bg.ac.yu; Professor Dr. G. Zibold, University of Applied Sciences Fachhochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten, D 88241 Weingarten, Germany; E-mail: zibold@fh-weingarten.de
In today's AI-driven era, computer vision, including autonomous driving, robotics, and healthcare, is prevalent. How-ever, acquiring ample data while managing resources and privacy constraints is challenging. This article proposes a solution: synthetic data generation. We use CAD software to craft intricate 3D models, process them in Blender, and evaluate quality using metrics like Structural Similarity and PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio). Synthetic data achieves up to 90% similarity with real data and an average PSNR of 21dB. Our method offers a streamlined, dependable ap-proach for enhancing computer vision, especially in object detection, addressing data acquisition challenges.
Globalization has not only changed our society, it has also had a profound effect on education. Many schools deal with student populations which, due to migration, are increasingly multilingual. Politically, few argue against the importance of multilingualism; rather, it is promoted. However, in practical terms the challenges associated with teaching and educational policies have increased as a result of linguistic diversity among student bodies. Moreover, reading is certainly regarded as a key learning skill, but how is the students’ life-world multilingualism (LWMUL) taken into consideration? Previous research suggests that there are significant links between teachers’ beliefs and practices, making this a compelling issue. The overall aim of this study was thus to gain a deeper understanding on teachers’ beliefs and strategies when teaching reading in multilingual settings. Using a cross-disciplinary, qualitative research methodology approach, the empirical inquiry consists of case studies with different, linguistically diverse settings. The case studies include classroom observations as well as teacher interviews in German, Swedish and Chilean grade 4 classrooms. After a qualitative content analysis in three analysis procedures, the results suggest dualistic beliefs being exhibited by the teachers. The separation of languages is believed to be of major importance, thus providing space almost exclusively for the academic language of instruction. This is reflected in the teachers’ strategies, leading to a static implementation, in which the students’ life-world multilingual resources (MULR) are generally not included. A lack of professional competence could be observed in issues regarding multilingualism, allowing beliefs rather than evidence-based knowledge to be the deciding factor in the practice. Four types of strategies for teaching reading in multilingual settings were identified, and an inattentive type of strategy, including a blindness to difference, seems to dominate.
Bicycle-drawn cargo trailers with an electric drive to enable the transportation of high cargo loads are used as part of the last-mile logistics. Depending on the load, the total mass of a trailer can vary between approx. 50 and 250 kg, potentially more than the mass of the towing bicycle. This can result in major changes in acceleration and braking behavior of the overall system. While existing systems are designed primarily to provide sufficient power, improvements are needed in the powertrain control system in terms of driver safety and comfort. Hence, we propose a novel prototype that allows measurement of the tensile force in the drawbar which can subsequently be used to design a superior control system. In this context, a sinusoidal force input from the cyclist to the trailer according to the cadence of the cyclist is observed. The novelty of this research is to analyze whether torque impulses of the cyclist can be reduced with the help of Model Predictive Control (MPC). In addition, the powertrain of the trailer is intended to support the braking process of the system with regenerative braking. In the context of this research, a first MPC controller design is carried out and analyzed with the help of a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) approach where the microcontroller of the power electronics is included as hardware to ensure the vehicle dynamics control interacts properly with the lower-level field-oriented control. The battery and motor subsystems are simulated in a Typhoon HIL 604, which is supplemented by a vehicle dynamics model of the trailer that is integrated as a Functional Mock-Up Unit (FMU). First results indicate that the MPC longitudinal dynamics controller supports the driver during acceleration, attenuates the sinusoidal oscillations and reduces the force with which the trailer pushes the bicycle during braking.
The vortex tube can separate a mass flow into a hot and cold mass flow. In this paper, the energy balance in the boundary layer of the vortex tube is analyzed with respect to a possible effect of temperature separation in the boundary layer by the viscous term of the enthalpy balance equation. A Large Eddy Simulation is used to generate the velocity profiles used for the computation of the viscous source terms. The dominant contributions of the source terms in the boundary layer of the vortex tube are identified and computed from the velocity fields. It is demonstrated how the strong velocity gradients in the boundary layer create a viscous flux of energy. An implementation of balance equations both with and without source term show the effect of energy separation in the boundary layer of the vortex tube.